Coronavirus

You may wish to slow down and read my responses

I am sure you fear nothing , I am sure your government has your best interests at heart. Good for you. All I know about your country is that the pictures are quit beautiful, and the lamb is great.

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cool
To be honest i think the US is a great and mighty nation.
Like all countries it has it quirks.
Stuff like what went on in the capitol building is what i consider a quirk, involving a few people thats all.
Shit, we have plenty of our own, im not saying we’re perfect.

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I am done @SmilingOgre. It was only a question of visually detecting automatic weapon conversions and my enability to see it from a photo. I didn’t mean to get you involved my friend. I will delete that post if I offended you.

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No my friend, I am not at all offended. I just didn’t want any of us to get re-involved another shit fest. Maybe you didn’t see it. It has been moved to a PM. Now if only that will go away all will be well.

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Wow!!! Keyleigh McEnany is now doing Whitehouse updates. Much more pleasurable to watch!!!

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That is amazing! :rofl: :joy:

Related

:smiley:

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Does she ? Or doesn’t she ? Only her hairdresser knows for sure.


Source

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Lars, way to go on this interesting find. My internal confirmation-bias filters are humming away. :thinking:

There is currently no evidence to suggest that up-regulation of ACE2 is associated with increased COVID-19 susceptibility or severity. In fact, up-regulation of ACE2 appears to be protective against tissue damage caused by SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 has been found to protect mice from developing ARDS. Data from SARS experimental studies suggest that continuous SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication induces immediate down-regulation of ACE2 that may be implicated in organ damage and disease severity. Further support for the beneficial role of ACE2 comes from data that estrogens appear to up-regulate ACE2 while children and younger adults have higher ACE2 levels compared to older people. At the same time, women, children and young people have milder COVID-19 symptoms.

Studies on smoking and ACE2 are contradictory. Studies published before the COVID-19 pandemic reported that smoking and nicotine down-regulate ACE2. However, more recent studies suggest that they up-regulate ACE2.

It has been found that Nicotine exposure results in up-regulation of the expression of Nicotinic-type Acetylcholine receptors (the receptors at which Nicotine exerts its pharmacodynamic effects). After Nicotine cessation, it takes something around 2 months time in order to return to (normal) expression.

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In my reading, I have noted that (worldwide), women appear to be dying from COVID-19 causations at only around one-half the rate of men. Speculations about mens’ “lifestyle choices” tending to involve “more smoking” is not highly compelling. However, I read that women tend to (naturally) have notably more ACE2 receptors in their bodily tissues than do men. Another (possibly relevant) angle is that women have double the number of X-Chromosomes than do men. It is more complicated than that:

X chromosome inactivation
Females carry both a maternal and paternal X chromosome, while males carry only a maternal copy. In order to regulate dosage expression of X-linked genes, one X chromosome is inactivated in females, resulting in them being functional mosaics for X-linked genes. XCI is initiated in early foetal development and either the maternal or paternal X chromosome is randomly silenced in XX cells. This is maintained through epigenetic mechanisms in subsequent cellular divisions to ensure balanced expression X-linked genes in females.

X chromosome and infectious disease susceptibility
It is well documented that females have a stronger innate and humoral immune response than males and are thus less susceptible to many bacterial, fungal, parasitic and viral infections, while being more prone to developing an autoimmune disease or malignancies. However, as not every microorganism elicits a sex-differentiated response, it has been proposed that the invading organisms and how they interact with the host are important contributing factors to whether or not the host immune response will differ between the sexes.

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I saw eminent virologist Robert Gallo interviewed on PBS the other day. He is quite “bullish” on the idea of administering doses of (modern, improved, and safer than in the past) Polio Vaccine (oral), as a (non-specific) immune-system “stimulator” to (presently healthy) individuals. Very inexpensive, safe, easy.

(New York Times, May 1, 2020):

Could ‘Innate Immunology’ Save Us From the Coronavirus?
Researchers are testing whether decades-old vaccines for polio and tuberculosis could protect against infection.

This area of innate immunity “is one of the hottest areas in fundamental immunology today,” said Dr. Robert Gallo, the director of the Institute of Human Virology at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and co-founder of the Global Virus Network, a coalition of virologists from more than 30 countries. In the 1980s, Dr. Gallo helped to identify H.I.V. as the cause of AIDS. Dr. Gallo is leading the charge to test the O.P.V. live polio vaccine as a treatment for coronavirus. He and his colleagues hope to start a clinical trial on health care workers in New York City and Maryland within six weeks.

O.P.V. is routinely used in 143 countries, but no longer in the United States. An inactivated polio vaccine was reintroduced here in 1997, in part because one out of every 2.7 million people who receive the live vaccine can actually develop polio from it. But O.P.V. does not pose this risk to Americans who have received a polio vaccine in the past. “We believe this is very, very, very safe,” Dr. Gallo said. It’s also inexpensive at 12 cents a dose, and is administered orally, so it doesn’t require needles.

Some scientists have raised concerns over whether these vaccines could increase the risk for “cytokine storms” - deadly inflammatory reactions that have been observed in some people weeks after they have been infected with the coronavirus. Dr. Netea and others said that they were taking these concerns seriously but did not anticipate problems. For one thing, the vaccines will be given only to healthy people - not to people who are already infected.

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(New York Times, May 1, 2020):

What the Proponents of ‘Natural’ Herd Immunity Don’t Say -
Try to reach it without a vaccine, and millions will die.

The concept of herd immunity is typically described in the context of a vaccine. When enough people are vaccinated, a pathogen cannot spread easily through the population. If you are infected with measles but everyone you interact with has been vaccinated, transmission will be stopped in its tracks. Vaccination levels must stay above a threshold that depends upon the transmissibility of the pathogen. We don’t yet know exactly how transmissible the coronavirus is, but say each person infects an average of three others. That would mean nearly two-thirds of the population would need to be immune to confer herd immunity.

In the absence of a vaccine, developing immunity to a disease like Covid-19 requires actually being infected with the coronavirus. For this to work, prior infection has to confer immunity against future infection. While hopeful, scientists are not yet certain that this is the case, nor do they know how long this immunity might last. The virus was discovered only a few months ago.

But even assuming that immunity is long-lasting, a very large number of people must be infected to reach the herd immunity threshold required. Given that current estimates suggest roughly 0.5 percent to 1 percent of all infections are fatal, that means a lot of deaths. Perhaps most important to understand, the virus doesn’t magically disappear when the herd immunity threshold is reached. That’s not when things stop - it’s only when they start to slow down. … If the pandemic went uncontrolled in the United States, it could continue for months after herd immunity was reached, infecting many more millions in the process.

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(Vox, May 1, 2020):

Coronavirus’s new mystery: It’s causing strokes in healthy people -
‘These people are clotting, and we can’t shut it off.’

As more people around the world are infected with Covid-19, we’re learning that the novel coronavirus can not only cause severe respiratory illness, but also can attack just about every major organ system in the body. And lately doctors have been sounding the alarm about a disturbing new outcome: blood clots and strokes, which are striking even healthy young people with no known risk factors - and sometimes no other symptom of the virus.

“I’m a hematologist, and this is unprecedented,” says Jeffrey Laurence of Weill Cornell Medical College, who has been in the field for three decades. “This is not like a disease we’ve seen before.” Nearly every patient he has seen for blood disorders in the past month and a half has had Covid-19. “I’ve never had so many consults in my life. These people are clotting, and we can’t shut it off.”

Small early studies and case reports about the link between the novel coronavirus and blood clots are now pouring in. For example, one team in the Netherlands followed 184 severe Covid-19 patients who were receiving treatment in three different intensive care units. They found that 31 percent of these people had some sort of blood clotting issue, a percentage they call “remarkably high.”

Other data is emerging with similar implications. “In patients with severe disease, various forms of blood clots are estimated to occur in 15-35 percent of patients,” Behnood Bikdeli, a cardiology fellow at Columbia University Medical Center, tells Vox. And these clots, especially the small ones, “could impact the illness severity and involvement of many of the organs,” he says. (He and an international team of dozens of researchers published an April review of clotting issues in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology).

The presence of small clots in the lungs is disturbing, but it also might help to explain a puzzling trend medical staff have noticed in some Covid-19 patients. When people develop more advanced illness, their lungs can become stiff, making breathing on their own very difficult. This leads to a drop in oxygen in the blood if they are not on mechanical ventilation.

But health care workers have seen many patients with low oxygen levels but who still have fairly flexible lungs, Laurence explains. This points to the presence of “microvessel clots [in the lungs] shutting off the ability of people to bring oxygen into their blood,” he says. (He also noted that sustained time on a ventilator can, itself, increase lung stiffness, which could have been throwing off clinicians who were seeing that as an outcome of the illness, and perhaps along the way missing signs that something else was going on).

Laurence also describes the multitude of people sick with Covid-19 whose blood clots are plugging up the dialysis machines in their wards. Beyond that, he says, even “as the nurses are drawing their blood, it’s clotting in the tubes, and they’re on full doses of Heparin” and other blood thinning medications. “Everyone is seeing a similar kind of thing,” he says. These observations also bear out in autopsies.

The prevalence of blood clots also raises the question of whether some stroke or heart attack home deaths in recent months were actually linked to Covid-19. It’s yet another possible way Covid-19 fatalities might be being undercounted. Many people who have already died are not currently tested for Covid-19 (often in the interest of preserving tests for those who are still alive). But more widespread posthumous testing could help clarify the full impact of this disease.

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2 posts were merged into an existing topic: The Real Official Donald Trump Shrine

I have what i think is an important question about this virus:
If the virus is in your bloodstream can it migrate into the lung? If not: This might explain a lot about the NON Symptomatic walking CoV2 carriers. And a lot about the split death rate, and even a possible live virus immunization strategy.

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Is it May Yet ?

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#BostonStrong!

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Like the situation surrounding those who contract “The Beast”, stupidity knows few human boundaries.